Although more research on BDSM and kink is needed, there are a number of theories about why subspace happens.
A 2008 review of two studiesTrusted Source found that cortisol (the body’s primary stress hormone) levels rose significantly for participants who were bound, receiving stimulation, or following orders during consensual sadomasochistic (SM) play.
Adrenaline, also known as the fight-or-flight hormone, can be released by the body in response to a stressful, threatening, or even exciting situation.
Another type of hormone, endorphins, are known to boost pleasure and lessen pain.
Endorphins are generally released when the body experiences pain or stress, or when its natural reward center is activated by things like working out, eating, or — you guessed it — having sex.
For some, the combination of pain and pleasure experienced during a BDSM scene can result in reaching subspace.
“Safe” is a funny word when it comes to BDSM.
Activities like breath play or knife play, for example, aren’t really “safe.” If you don’t take precautions and play responsibly, activities like these can be dangerous.
That’s why it’s important to do your research before attempting any new kinks or engaging in otherwise unfamiliar play. You might even take a workshop online or at your local sex shop.
All that said, there isn’t anything to suggest that subspace is inherently unsafe. It’s just your neurochemicals feeding you some happy hormones!
“Both of you should be aware that subspace can significantly affect the submissive’s ability to communicate and interpret their limits,” says kink educator Quinn B., founder of Unearthed Pleasures, an online coaching and kink education platform.
This means subspace — like being high or drunk — can affect your judgment. While in subspace, many people agree or ask for things that are out of their “sober” comfort zone.
“In general, all parties should take note of that submissive’s specific subspace behaviors and make adjustments to the scene to continue to ensure consent, communication, and safety,” she adds. “Most importantly, never negotiate or renegotiate any aspect of a scene when the submissive is in subspace.”
The word “negotiate” is key here. In kink, a negotiation is a conversation between partners that happens prior to the scene. Partners will discuss how they want the scene to play out so there are no surprises (unless there are supposed to be!).
During negotiation, partners often discuss desires, safe words, aftercare, and other sexual safety protocols, as well as hard (something you won’t do) and soft (something you might be down to try) limits. The aim is to be clear as possible so nobody leaves the scene feeling like they were taken advantage of.
“This is the fun part about subspace because it can look so many ways,” says Quinn B. Think: “Lots of giggling, glazed eyes, a sort of daydream-like expression, the person going nonverbal, far-off gazing, a primal state.”
Quinn B. continues, “a common theme when submissives describe it is feeling “floaty,” almost like being both in yourself and outside yourself simultaneously.”
Subspace is different for everyone, but it generally makes folks feel a little more relaxed. When experiencing subspace, you may feel like you’re in a trance, like it’s hard to articulate yourself, or even like you’re a little drunk (without the spins!).
Well, mostly that it feels good! Sex in general can be a stress reliever. And so-called kinky sex can be a way to pursue that stress relief in more intense ways.
Some research from 2017 suggests that subspace can evoke an “altered state of consciousness,” similar to hypnosis, mindfulness, or drug-induced calm.
Preliminary research found that subspace — and, by extension, topspace — may align with different altered states of consciousness. Topspace was identified as akin to flow state (a.k.a. being in the zone).
Researchers found that the same may be true of subspace, but that it’s more aligned with the transient hypofrontality theory.
This theory suggests that your levels of consciousness are layered, like an onion. By peeling back the layers containing your more complicated cognitive abilities, you may be able to slow down your brain for a period of time. In other words, you can turn the thinking part off.
What’s more, research suggests that shedding your identity for a moment can be a stress reliever. This process can happen in a number of ways, but subspace, in particular, can help you release the constant pressure to maintain an identity. Subspace can be a form of escapism that allows many to release societies’ preconceived notions of self.
PSA: Being submissive or taking on a more submissive role doesn’t mean that you absolutely must experience or aim for subspace. Some people don’t experience subspace at all.
If you aren’t able to or have no desire to get into subspace, that’s totally OK! Try not to let anyone guilt you into thinking you’re doing it “wrong” when you’re participating in consensual play that makes YOU feel happy.
It really depends! It’s kind of like having an orgasm: It’s a little different for everyone, but there are some common ways to get there.
Often, subspace is triggered by the intensity of a scene. For some, this involves impact play like spanking or flogging.
Others get into subspace via sensory deprivation, like wearing an eye mask and noise-cancelling headphones during a scene. An intensity of sensation (a.k.a. forced orgasm) can also cause this.
At the end of the day, subspace is really about being overwhelmed.
Other activities that may evoke subspace:
- Edge play: a form of orgasm control where one partner repeatedly brings another to the brink of orgasm
- Bondage: rope tying that can include anything from binding the hands to full on suspension
- Role play: assuming roles like master/servant or teacher/student to allow full immersion in the scene
“If you find that it’s difficult to tap into but you really want to experience it, try grounding and relaxing yourself before the scene,” explains Quinn B.
“Then, during the scene, use mindfulness practices to flow with your physical sensations,” says Quinn B. “See if you can begin to find a state that feels different, and then let yourself float into that without expectations.”
Like a runner’s high, subspace typically doesn’t last for long after the end of a scene. It can go away within the hour once you’re removed from the headspace of the encounter.
Sub-drop is the occasional downside of entering subspace or doing any sort of kink play.
After a scene, some submissives may feel depressed, inexplicably exhausted, or prone to crying. This is because kink play can put your body through A LOT.
Common acts in kinky play (like impact, knife, or breath play) are designed to get your adrenaline pumping. So, sub-drop is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in a lot of ways.
In both, you’re experiencing hormonal fluctuations and your body is kind of freaking out about it. Sometimes your body can figure it out, and sometimes you need a big ol’ tub of ice cream to cope.
Sub-drop is essentially a post-scene hangover, but it can be avoided or treated with aftercare.
Aftercare is *essential.* It can help you can minimize — or totally avoid — experiencing the lowest of lows often associated with sub-drop.
Any post-scene ritual that helps play partners transition from the headspace they entered during the scene can be considered aftercare. It can look different for everyone because everyone has different needs.
“Maybe you like long cuddles after a tough scene, or you want to hang out with your Dominant partner for the rest of the evening,” says Quinn B. “Maybe you just need some check-ins the next day, or a nice hot bath to self-soothe.”
She continues: “Drop is super normal! Just learn what your mind and body need to slowly acclimate back to your usual self after a scene.”
Some examples of aftercare rituals:
- talking about your favorite parts of the scene
- taking a shower or bath together
- sleeping together in the same bed
- separating to allow for individual space, but checking in with each other via text or DM
